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Beta hemolytic streptococci in the upper respiratory tract.
HOUDKOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis focuses on beta-hemolytic streptococci which are most commonly found in the upper respiratory tract. The aim is also to detect occurrence of this bacteria as well as diseases caused by this streptococci, especially beta-hemolytic streptococcus group A (Streptococcus progenies). The practical part includes description of material sampling, swabs from the throat in this case and further processing in microbiology laboratory.
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Determination of Streptococcus pyogenes in throat swab by cultivation and imunoturbidimetry metode
SMOLOVÁ, Klára
Early identification of infections caused by bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes is very important in order to start antibiotic treatment and to prevent from so-called late consequences of streptococcal infections, including rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonefritis. Aim of my thesis is to compare two methods which are used for examination of throat swab specimen in Písek Hospital, INC. when presence of Streptococcus pyogenes is expected. The first method used by The Department of Clinical Microbiology is a cultivation, the second one is a method used by children's emergency. Main advantage of QuikRead go Strep A method is the speed of availability of the examination result and also the fact that it can be performed directly in the consulting room. However, compared to the cultivation method, QuikRead go Strep A method has its limits. It is unable to detect any other cause of the disease, it is not possible to use it subsequently to determine antibiotic sensibility and its reliability is reported as 93 %. That is why I concentrated on comparison of results of samples examined by both of the methods. In targeted period, i.e. year 2016, there were 218 samples examined by QuikRead go Strep A method, 143 of them were subsequently re-examined by the method of cultivation. A total of 62,9 % of the samples showed a consistent result with both methods. The QuikRead go Strep A method proved to be more reliable in case of a negative test result.The same result, e.i. negative presence of Streptococcus pyogenes in the sample, was measured at 94,7 % of samples, on the other hand, when a sample was detected as positive by QuikRead go Strep A method, match with cultivation method was only in 26,9 % of samples. A high error rate could have been caused by incorrect sampling for imunoturbidimetric examination. The method guide warns to the fact that if a swab touches the tongue, gums or cheeks, then a false positive result may occur. Therefore, the match between the two methods could be different if we obtained the samples of more cooperative adult patients.
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Cultivation and sensitivity of the stems of Streptococcus pyogenes from the mucus of nasopharynx and ears in children and their sensitivity to {$\beta$}-lactam antibiotics and makrolids
SIVOKOVÁ, Jaroslava
The topic Cultivation and sensitivity of the stems of Streptococcus pyogenes from the mucus of nasopharynx and ears in children and their sensitivity to {$\beta$}-lactam antibiotics and makrolids occupied my mind because I was interested in the question if the increased consumption of antibiotics and the following resistance occur also in this bacterium. Except for gaining practical knowledge on cultivation and identification of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria the objective of the thesis was the investigation of its sensitivity to {$\beta$}-lactam antibiotics and makrolids. Further I was intersted in how the doctors for children and teenagers proceed in case of suspicion of streptococcus disease of upper airways. Also this topic was one of the objectives. The thesis is composed of two parts, theoretical and practial ones. In the theoretical part I first came out of available information on Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. I describe its morphology and characteristics, factors of patogenics and virulence. This information is used during the cultivation of bacteria and its following identification. Further I mention the diseases which are caused by pyogenous streptococci. The part is also the description of antibiotics which are recommended for the treatment of the diseases caused by this bacteria. The second part includes the methods of cultivation and identification of Streptococcus pyogenes which are used in microbiology laboratory Laboma mikrobiologická laboratoř s.r.o. (Laboma microbiology laboratory Inc.). Identification methods come out of the application of PYR-test, latex agglutination and the use of identification system Api 20 Strep in ambiguous results. The results gained in microbiology laboratory show that the capture of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria in diseases of upper airways created 4,4% from all smears sent into the laboratory. These diseases showed seasonal occurrence with the maximum in spring and winter. The results of sensititivity have shown that the sensitivity to penicilin was in 100% and to erythromycin in 91.6%. Cross-resistance between erythromycin and clindamycin ocurred in 57 cases (4.5 %). According to my investigation Streptococcus pyogenes caused otitis in 13 cases (2.7%). The highest ocurrence of otites caused by Streptococcus pyogenes emerged in spring. The stems isolated from ear mucuos were sensitive to penicilin in 100% and to erythromycin in 92.3%. These results apply to the material sent to microbiology laboratory Laboma mikrobiologická laboratoř s.r.o. (Laboma microbiology laboratory Inc.). To gain a complete picture I visited 20 doctors for children and teenagers who were willing to fill in my questionnaire. After the evaluation I found out that all questioned doctors are waiting for the results of cultivation and sensitivity of the stem to antibiotics if the clinical state of a patient is not serious. In preference they apply penicilin. Control smear is carried by most of the doctors only in recurrent infections. From the data of the laboratory I found out that three doctors send the material to the culture investigation and the following sensitivity of the stem to antibiotics after the failure of treatment in a patient.
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Determination and diagnostics of beta-hemolytics streptococcus in clinical microbiology
VOŘÍŠKOVÁ, Martina
The genus of Streptococcus includes gram-positive catalase of negative coccus, which rank into pairs and chains and their colonies are also sometimes very small in enriched soils. Most of species are selectively anaerobic. This genus includes a large number of species with different significance for people ´s disorders, and also the species significant for veterinary medicine. Beta-hemolytic or pyogenic Streptococci important in human medicine include first of all streptococci of A and B group. Streptococcus pyogenes (A group) is the cause of either localised purulent infections, or invasive and toxic diseases, and also late consequences of these infections. The carrying of beta-hemolytic streptococci of B group (Streptococcus agalactiae) is significant especially in pregnant women because it can threaten the mother and the newborn as well. They are the most important causers of newborn meningitis and sepsis. The aim of the thesis is to find out information of determination and detection methods concerning beta-hemolytic streptococci. It is necessary to devote our attention to each streptococcus and determine its type by cultivation, eventually by further supplementary methods. The main role in diagnostics is played by classical cultivation in common (blood agar) or special enriched soils. Each microbiological laboratory chooses its own laboratory procedures. The use of cultivation for capture of beta-hemolytic streptococci and determination of their types by PYR test (for the proof of A group streptococci) and latex agglutination (for confirmation of other groups) seem to be the most convenient. CAMP-test is still the most frequently used method for the proof of group B streptococci. For exclusion of later consequences the assessment of anti-streptolysin O (ASLO) or antideoxyribonuclasis B (ADNB) in serum are often used. All beta-hemolytic streptococci must be regarded as important pathogens namely in whatever locality, that is why the knowledge of basic and special laboratory methods which lead to identification of particular types of these streptococci is very important for clinical microbiology and the treatment of patients.
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